Review: Sintesis Senyawa Turunan Andrografolid pada Gugus Hidroksil C-14

Rusydina Sabila, Sandra Megantara, Febrina Amelia Saputri

Abstract


Andrografolid merupakan suatu diterpenoid lakton yang terkandung dalam tanaman sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) sebagai senyawa aktif utama. Andrografolid memiliki banyak aktivitas biologis, diantaranya sebagai antiinflamasi, antikanker, hepatoprotektor, antioksidan, antidiabetes, antihiperlipidemia, antibakteri, dan antivirus. Untuk meningkatkan sifat fisikokimia dan mengoptimalkan aktivitas terapeutik dari andrografolid, diperlukan modifikasi struktur andrografolid. Pada review ini akan dibahas mengenai metode yang dapat dilakukan dalam memodifikasi struktur andrografolid terutama pada gugus hidroksil C-14 dan membandingkan potensi dari aktivitas biologisnya setelah dimodifikasi. Terdapat dua metode modifikasi yaitu dengan cara memproteksi gugus hidroksil C-3 dan C-19 terlebih dahulu untuk menghasilkan senyawa 3,19-isopropiliden andrografolid yang kuat terhadap serangan nukleofil dan cara kedua yaitu langsung mereaksikannya dengan klorida asam dengan bantuan amina tersier seperti trietilamin dan piridin. Dari hasil review didapatkan bahwa modifikasi terhadap gugus hidroksil C-14 dapat meningkatkan potensi aktivitas biologis andrografolid dan metode yang paling baik untuk memodifikasi andrografolid pada gugus hidroksil C-14 yaitu dengan cara memproteksi gugus hidroksil C-3 dan C-19 terlebih dahulu serta mereaksikannya dengan klorida asam atau anhidrida asam agar diperoleh rendemen yang lebih banyak.

Keywords


Andrographolide, hydroxyl group, modification

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33508/jfst.v7i2.2508

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