Email this article Melampaui ‘Literasi Digital’: Kelindan Teknokapitalisme, Ideologi Media, dan Hiperhermeneutika
Abstract
Digital literacy is often proposed as a way to combat misinformation. However, the conception emphasizes individual competency. This conception is rooted in liberal assumption that places individual ethos as a public moral guardian. Left unanswered is the action taken by individuals itself and its meaning for them: what does it mean to spread misinformation? In the context of political misinformation, the inquiry goes further: what does it mean to engage in politics? To answer these questions, this paper attempts to move beyond digital literacy argument by investigating misinformation during Jakarta 2017 Election. Based on practice theory and theory on Indonesian politics, it focuses on the architectural configuration of the digital platform in which misinformation is spread, as well as the political culture that shapes such action. This paper attempts to refute the claims that misinformation is tied to religious populism and is inherently amplified by technological configuration. Ethnographic research with Twitter users informs this paper: participation-observation in six months conducted both online and offline. In-depth and informal interviews were also conducted. The research explores an urban middle class experience arguing against religious populism and are supporters of the then candidate Basuki T. Purnama (Ahok). This paper found that misinformation is spread by digitally literate people exactly to organize the muddle in Indonesian politics.
Literasi digital kerap diajukan sebagai cara melawan misinformasi. Konsepsi literasi digital, meski begitu, menitikberatkan kompetensi individu dalam menyikapi informasi. Konsepsi ini berangkat dari asumsi liberal yang menempatkan etos individu sebagai penjaga moral publik. Namun menyoal tindakan individu itu sendiri dan apa makna bagi pelakunya kerap diabaikan: apa artinya saat membagikan misinformasi? Dalam konteks misinformasi politik, pertanyaannya berlanjut: apa artinya terlibat dengan politik? Berangkat dari pertanyaan tersebut, tulisan ini berusaha melampaui argumentasi literasi digital dengan mendedah misinformasi saat Pilkada Jakarta 2017. Berlandaskan teori tindakan dan politik Indonesia, perhatian dipusatkan pada konfigurasi arsitektur platform digital tempat sebaran misinformasi, serta budaya politik yang merupa penyebaran misinformasi. Tulisan ini berusaha membantah argumen yang menyatakan bahwa misinformasi lekat dengan populisme agama dan konfigurasi teknologi platform secara inheren mengamplifikasi populisme agama tersebut. Penelitian yang mendasari tulisan ini dilakukan dengan etnografi pengguna Twitter: partisipasi-observasi enam bulan di ranah online dan offline dengan selebritas mikro. Wawancara mendalam dan informal juga dilakukan dengan pengguna Twitter lain. Pengalaman yang digali adalah pengalaman kelas menengah urban yang menentang populisme agama dan merupakan pemilih calon gubernur Basuki T. Purnama (Ahok). Tulisan ini menemukan bahwa misinformasi dilakukan oleh kalangan cakap literasi digital justru sebagai cara menata keburaman politik Indonesia.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33508/jk.v10i2.3525
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