Antibacterial Activity and Polyphenols Content of Methanolic Extract of Sapindus Rarak

Asmara Murni, Aufur Rohman, Artik Elisa Angkawijaya, Shella Permatasari Santoso

Abstract


The study focused on the methanolic extract of lerak fruit (Sapindus rarak DC.). The effect of varying extraction time and temperature on the polyphenols content of lerak extract was evaluated, that is by determining the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total saponin content (TSC). The increasing extraction temperature from 30°C to 70°C was found to give increase in TPC from 172 mg GAE/100 mg to 246 mg GAE/100 mg, further increase of extraction temperature to 90°C results in the decrease of TPC. Similar effect was also observed in TFC, where TFC was found to increase as the extraction temperature was increased to 70°C, with TFC of 79 mg QE/100 mg. TSC of lerak fruit extract at 70°C was found to be 17.6 mg/100 g. Antibacterial activity assay on the lerak fruit extract shows the potential inhibitory activity of the extract on the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, wherein 95% inhibition efficiency can be achieved after the incubation of the bacteria in media containing 15 wt.% of the extract. The more prominent inhibitory effect of the extract was shown against Escherichia coli than Staphylococcus aureus. Collectively, the results of this study has demonstrated the potential of lerak fruit extract as natural antibacterial agent with foaming ability, which can be used as detergent additive.

Save to Mendeley


Keywords


Lerak; Sapindus; Saponin; Rarasaponin.

Full Text:

PDF

References


N. Aryanti, A. Nafiunisa, T.D. Kusworo, D.H. Wardhani, Dye solubilization ability of plant derived surfactant from Sapindus rarak DC. extracted with the assistance of ultrasonic waves, Environmental Technology & Innovation 22 (2021) 101450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2021.101450.

E. Wina, S. Muetzel, E. Hoffmann, H.P.S. Makkar, K. Becker, Saponins containing methanol extract of Sapindus rarak affect microbial fermentation, microbial activity and microbial community structure in vitro, Animal Feed Science and Technology 121 (2005) 159-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.02.016.

A. Umar, V. Sabrina, Y. Yulizar, Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Sapindus rarak DC fruit pericarp extract for rhodamine B photodegradation, Inorganic Chemistry Communications 141 (2022) 109593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109593.

A. Antony, M. Farid, Effect of Temperatures on Polyphenols during Extraction, Applied Sciences 12 (2022) 2107. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12042107.

C.Y. Cheok, H.A.K. Salman, R. Sulaiman, Extraction and quantification of saponins: A review, Food Research International 59 (2014) 16-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2014.01.057.

V. Bundjaja, T.M. Sari, F.E. Soetaredjo, M. Yuliana, A.E. Angkawijaya, S. Ismadji, K.-C. Cheng, S.P. Santoso, Aqueous sorption of tetracycline using rarasaponin-modified nanocrystalline cellulose, Journal of Molecular Liquids 301 (2020) 112433.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112433.

N.D.A. Rahim, H. Yaakob, R.H. Hisam, M.R. Sarmidi, K.-K. Cheng, Effect of extraction solvents on the phytochemical content and bioactivity of Momordica charantia Linn. fruits, Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 17 (2021) 79-83.

H. Noreen, N. Semmar, M. Farman, J.S.O. McCullagh, Measurement of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of aerial parts of medicinal plant Coronopus didymus, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 10 (2017) 792-801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.07.024.

L. Silva, B.R. Pezzini, L. Soares, Spectrophotometric determination of the total flavonoid content in Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae) leaves, Pharmacognosy Magazine 11 (2015) 96-101. 10.4103/0973-1296.149721.

J.M. Kim, J.Y. Kang, S.K. Park, H.J. Han, K.-Y. Lee, A.-N. Kim, J.C. Kim, S.-G. Choi, H.J. Heo, Effect of storage temperature on the antioxidant activity and catechins stability of Matcha (Camellia sinensis), Food Science and Biotechnology 29 (2020) 1261-1271. 10.1007/s10068-020-00772-0.

M.-p. Wei, H. Yu, Y.-h. Guo, Y.-l. Cheng, Y.-f. Xie, W.-r. Yao, Antibacterial activity of Sapindus saponins against microorganisms related to food hygiene and the synergistic action mode of Sapindoside A and B against i, Food Control 130 (2021) 108337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108337.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.33508/wt.v22i2.5409